Cronologia
de la "Guerra de Independencia Cubana" comunmente
llamada "Guerra Hispano Americana"
donde Orestes Ferrara lucho y se hizo Coronel del Ejercito Libertador Cubano.
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| 1895 |
1895
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| Febrero 24 | Insurgentes
Cubanos se levantan en armas en contra de la Colonia Española en las provinicias de Oriente,
Santa Clara y Matanzas en lo que se conoce como "El Grito de Baire". |
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| Marzo 4 | El Gobernador Español General proclama ley marcial en las ciudades de Santiago y Matanzas. Julio Sanguily, J. Aguirre y otros sospechosos cubanos simpatizantes a la causa son arrestados y encarcelados en la carcel de la Cabaña en La Habana. |
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| Marzo 8 | Un
buque de guerra Español
le habre fuego a un barco de vapor del correo de Los Estados Unidos
de American. |
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| Marzo l0 | La
primera batalla de la guerra fue en "Los Negros" entre 1,000 soldados Españoles al mando del
General Garrich, y 700 Insurgentes Cubanos al mando del Coronel Goulet.First
battle of the war at Los Negros between l,000 Spanish, under General
Garrich,
and
700
Cubans,
under Colonel Goulet. Los Españoles fueron vencidos. Refuerzos Españoles
arribaron de Puerot Rico de mas 7,000 Soldados Spañoles fueron traidos
a la zona. El Mariscal de Campo, Arsenio Martines Campo Español
fue enviado a Cuba
con 20 mil tropas y se le dio el mando de Capitan General
reemplazando a
Calleja. La ley Marcial fue implantada en toda la isla. |
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| Marzo 24 | Batalla
de Jaraguana entre l,000 soldados de la colonia Española bajo
el mando del Coronel Araoz, y 900 Soldados del Ejercito Libertador
Cubano a las ordenes de
Amador Guerra. |
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| Marzo 31 | Antonio
Maceo, con Flor Crombet, Dr. Frank Agrarnonte, Jose Maceo y otros oficiales
desenbarcaron
en Baracoa en una expedicion de Costa
Rica en el barco British schooner Honor. El Schooner naufrago y su capitan
fue matado por los Españles. Maceo fue atacado en
Duaba, pero pudo repulsar a los Españles.
Agramonte
fue capturado. Gobierno Provisional
fue proclamado por el General Antonio Maceo; Presidente
Tomás
Estrada Palma, José Martí, secretario-general,
y el General Máximo Gómez, director militar y comandante
en jefe de todas las Fuerzas Libertadoras Cubanas.. |
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| Abril 13 | General
Máximo Gómez,
José
Martí y ocho acompañantes llegan desde Haiti y desembarcan
en la costa Sur Oeste de Cabo Maisi. |
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| Abril 16 | Capitan
General Español
Martinez Campos desembarca con refuerzos en Guantanamo
y emite una proclamacion and issued proclamation pidiendo reformas. El
Parlamento Español autoriza al Gobierno que otorgue 600 millones
de pesetas (120 millones de dolares) para la guerra y decide enviar 40,000
soldados
mas de reenfuerzo. |
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| Abril 16-18 | Batallas al lado y en
Sabana de Jaibo. La caballeria Cubana al mando de Gomez vence al Coronel
Bosch. |
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| Abril 21 |
Mueren
100 soldados Españoles en la
batalla de Ramón de las Jaguas. |
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| Abril 29 | José Maceo hace una
emboscada a 700 Soldados Españoles en Arroyo Hondo. 150
Soldados Españoles mueren y el ejercito cubano pierde una inmensidad
de soldados. |
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| Mayo 6-14 | Incursiónes y peleas
en Jobito y Cristo por Maceo; Matan al Teniente Coronel Español
Bosch. |
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| Mayo 18 | En
una Convencion Insurgente eligen a Bartolomé
Massó como President, Máximo Gómez general-en-Jefe,
y Antonio Maceo comandante-en-jefe de la division Oriental. |
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| May 19 | José Martí and party of 50 annihilated
by colonel Ximenez Sandoval and 800 troops in a narrow pass; Gómez
with reinforcements attempted to rescue Martí's body aud was wounded;
Cuban loss, 50 killed and l00 wounded. Dr. Tomás Estrada Palma elected
to succeed Martí as Cuban Revolutionary Party delegate in the
United States. |
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| May 20 | Colonel Lacret and Colonel Torres landed with filibustering
expedition of 220 men from Jamaica. |
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| June 2 | General Maximo Gomez crossed trocha and entered
province of Puerto Principe. |
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| June 5 | General Carlos Roloff's filibustering expedition,
with 353 men, 1,000 rifles and 500 pounds of dynamite, landed by tugboat
George W. Childs near Sagua Lachico, in Santa Clara. |
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| June 12 | President Cleveland issued proclamation warning
citizens against joining or aiding filibustering expeditions |
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| June 18 | Province of Puerto Principe declared in a state
of siege. |
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| June 27 | Spanish Colony Captain-General Campos asked Cabinet
for 14,000 fresh troops. |
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| July 1 | Campos
established Moron-Jucaro trocha to keep General Maximo Gómez
out of Santa Clara Province |
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| July 13 | Captain-General Campos, at head of 1,500 troops,
attacked but defeated by Cubans under General Antonio Maceo at Peralejo
and compelled to retreat to Bayamo; Spanish General Santocildes aud l19
men killed; Cuban loss, l00 men. |
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| July 15 | Cuban Provisional Government formally constituted
and a declaration of independence proclaimed. |
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| August 7 | Cuban
Convention at Puerto Principe elected the following officers: Provisional
President of the
Republic of Cuba, General
Bartolomé Massó, Minister of the Interior Marquis of Santa
Lucia; Vice-President and Minister of War, General Máximo Gómez,
Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Gonzalo de Quesada; General-in-Chief, General
Antonio Maceo. |
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| August 31 | Spaniards
defeated by 1,000 men under José Maceo, near Ramon de la Jaguas. |
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| September 23 | Constitution
of Cuban Republic proclaimed by Congress of Delegates at Anton de Puerto
Principe, and
the following elected permanent
officers of the government: President, Salvador Cisneros; Vice-President,
Bartolomé Massó; Secretary of War, Carlos Roloff; Commander-in-Chief,
Máximo Gómez, Lieutenant-General, Antonio Maceo. |
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| October 2 | General Antonio Maceo defeated superior force of
2,000 Spaniards at Mount Mogote. |
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| Octoher 9 | Cuban loan of 15,000,000 pesos ($3,000,000) placed
in Paris |
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| October l0 | Baracoa captured hy Cubans |
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| October 27 | General Carlos Miguel. de Cesspedes landed near
Baracoa with filibustering expedition of sixty men, l00 rifles and l0,000
rounds of ammunition, fitted out in Canada. Laurada seized at Charleston,
South Carolina, as a filibuster. |
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| November 18-l9 | Spanish forces under Generals Valdes, Luque and
Aldave defeated at Taguasco, Spanish loss, 500 |
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| December 26 | General
Maximo Gómez
invaded the loyal Province of Havana. |
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| 1896 |
1896
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| Januuary 5 | General
Maximo Gómez passes the Havana-Batabanó trocha
into Pinar del Rio. |
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| January 12 | General Maximo Gomez defeated Spaniards at Batallobo
and recrossed trocha into Havana Province |
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| January 12-20 | General Antonio Maceo raided Pinar del Rio Province.
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| January 17 | Spanish Colony Captain-General Canupos recalled
to Madrid and General Valeriano Weyler appointed to succeed him. |
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| January 26 | Filibuster
J. W. Hawkins, carrying General Calixto García and 120 men,
sunk off Long Island and ten men drowned. |
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| January 30 | General
Antonio Maceo recrossed Habana-Batabanó trocha; Spaniards severely
defeated by Diaz near Artemisa. |
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| February 10 | General Weyler arrived at Havana on the cruiser
Alfonso XIII and was enthusiastically greeted. |
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| February 17 | General Weyler issued three proclamations establishing
rigid martial law. |
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| February 18 | General
Antonio Maceo attacked and captured Jaruco; the next day he joined
Genral MaximoGómez,
and together they marched eastward. |
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| February 22 | Eighteen non-combatants killed by Spanish troops
in Punta Brava and Guatao, and two American correspondents who investigated
outrage arrested. |
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| February 24 | Filibuster
Bermuda seized by United States marshals, General García and
others arrested, tried and acquitted. |
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| February 28 | US
Senate adopted belligerency resolutions and requested the President
to use "friendly offices" to
secure Cuban independence from the Spanish Colony. |
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| March 5 | General Weyler issued proclamation offering amnesty
to Cubans who surrendered with arms in hand. |
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| March 8 | Eighteen thousand Spanish Colony reinforcements
landed at Havana. |
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| March 12 | Commodore landed a filibustering expedition from
Charleston, South Carolina. |
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| March 13 | General
Antonio Maceo captured the town of Batabanó. |
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| March 15 | General
Antonio Maceo re-entered Pinar del Río
Province and attackd the town of Pinar del Río. |
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| March 22 | General
Maximo Gómez
captures the town of Santa Clara and secures a large amount of military
stores. |
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| March 25 | Bermuda
landed General Calixto García with
125 men and arms in Cuba. Three Friends and Mallory landed a big expedition
under General Enrique Collazo on the coast of Matanzas Province. |
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| April 6 | U.S. House of Representatives concurred in Senate's
Cuban resolution. |
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| April 25 | American
filibustering schooner Competitor captured off coast of Pinar del Río.
Alfredo Laborde and three Americans taken prisoners. |
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| April 27 | Bermuda fired upon by Spanish gunboat while trying
to land expedition under Colonels Vidal and Torres and forced to abandon
the attempt. |
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| May 14 | General
Maximo Gómez
captures a whole Spanish battalion under Colonel Segura. |
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| May 16 | Laurada landed General J. F. Ruiz and expedition
in Cuba. |
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| May 19 | Three Friends landed large cargo of ammunition
in Santa Clara. |
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| June 3 | Consul-General Fitzhugh Lee arrived at Havana
as the successor of Ramon O. Williams, resigned. |
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| June 15 | Expeditions under Zarrago, Castillo and Cabrera
landed by Three Friends and Laurada. |
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| July 5 | José Maceo
killed in an engagement at Loma del Gato. |
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| July 15 | General Inclan badly defeated byGeneral Antonio
Maceo at Cacarajicara, 200 killed and nearly 300 wounded. |
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| July 30 | President Grover Cleveland issues another proclamation
against filibustering. |
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| August 15 | General
Rabí defeats
Spanish troops near Bayamo. |
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| December 7 | General
Antonio Maceo and Francisco Gómez,
son of the rebel commander-in-chief, are killed in an engagement with
a Spanish detachment under Major Cirujeda just after Maceo had succeeded
in
passing around the end of the Mariel trocha. Dr. Zertucha, the only member
of the staff who escapes, is accused of treachery. He surrenderes to
the
Spanish. |
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| December 15 | Three Friends tried to land a large expedition
at the mouth of the San Juan River, on the south coast of Cuba, but is attacked
by a Spanish gunboat and compelled to put to sea again with her party, setting
them down on a desert Florida key, where they were rescued by the Dauntless.
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| December 20 | General Ruiz Rivera succeeded General Antonio Maceo
as commander-in-chief of the Cuban army of the West. |
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| December 28 | Julio Sanguilly was tried and sentenced to imprisonment
for life on a charge of conspiring against the Spanish Government. |
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| December 31 | Filibuster Commodore sailed from Jacksonville,
Florida, with a small expedition for Cuba and sunk sixteen miles off the
Florida coast. Most of the men were saved. |
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| 1897 |
1897
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| January 13 | Spaniards
under General Segura attack General Calixto García at Gabuquito,
and are repulsed with a loss of 300 killed and 400 wounded. |
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| February 4 | Queen Regent of Spain signed
a decree instituting reforms in Cuba. |
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| February 21 | U.S. Secretary of State Olney directed Minister
Taylor, at Madrid, to demand a full inquiry into the case of Dr. Ricardo
Ruiz, who was murdered in prison, in Guanabacoa, by the Spaniards. |
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| March 4 | General Valeriano Weyler returned to Havana. |
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| March 21 | Cuban Insurgents captures Holguin. |
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| March 28 | General
Rius Rivera, who succeeded General Antonio Maceo, is captured with
100 men at Cabezedas
by Spanish Colony General
Hernández Velasco. |
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| March 30 | Laurada landed at Banes, on the north coast of
Oriente, three dynamite guns, one Hotchkiss gun and a large quantity of
ammunition. |
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| April 17 | General Valeriano Weyler declares that Santa Clara
province and part of Puerto Principe are pacified. |
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| May 12 | Generals
Calixto García and Rabí defeats
Spanish troops under General Lonos and compelles them to retreat on shipboard
at Cabo Cruz. |
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| May 17 | President McKinley sent a message to the US Congress
suggesting an appropriation of $50,000 to relieve the distress of American
citizens in Cuba. It was passed by Congress and signed May 24. |
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| June 21 | General Valeriano Weyler sails from Havana for
Santa Clara province, preceded by thirty-six battalions of infantry and
strong forces of artillery and cavalry. |
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| June 27 | General Valeriano Weyler reaches the city of Santiago.
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| November 10 | Marshal
Ramón Blanco
sends a cable to Senor de Lome, Spanish Minister at Washington, announcing
that extensive zones
of cultivation have been marked out, rations issued to the reconcentrados,
and promised that thereafter they would be fed and treated well |
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| November 14 | General Blanco sent envoys to insurgent generals
to induce them to lay down their arms. |
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| November 18 | Crew
of the American schooner Competitor captured in 1896 and all sentenced
to
death were released. |
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| November 25 | Dr. Frank Agramonte, Thomas J. Sainz and other
Americans imprisoned in Havana were released by Marshal Blanco. |
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| November 26 | Queen Regent of Spain signs royal decrees granting
political and commercial autonomy to Cuba. |
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| December 2 | Bishop of Havana appeals for food for starving
reconcentrados |
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| December 9 | Antonio Rodriguez Rivera, an envoy send by Blanco
to bribe the insurgents, is hanged by the insurgent leader Emilio Collazo.
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| December 10 | Cuban insurgents captues Caimanera seaport town. |
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| December 28 | US President McKinley issues an appeal to the
American people to aid starving Cubans. |
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